CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, BLOOD PARAMETERS, RESPONSE TO TREATMENT OF NATURALLY OCCURING CASES OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS, BLOOD PARAMETERS, RESPONSE TO TREATMENT OF NATURALLY OCCURING CASES OF BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2018-01
Authors
ALIYU, MUHAMMAD BABA
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Abstract
A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the clinical manifestation, response to treatment, and biochemical alterations to bovine trypanosomosis in some selected Local Government Areas of Niger State. A total of 343 cattle from thirty nine (39) herds were examined for infection with trypanosomes. Parasitological, haematological and biochemical tests were carried out on their blood and serum samples. Clinical signs, changes in haematological and biochemical values were monitored post treatment with diminazene aceturate and isomethamidium chloride. The most prevalent clinical signs observed were emaciation (75%), weakness (71%) intermittent anorexia (65%), pale mucous membrane (58%), epiphora (45%), and dark/rough hair coat (41%). Three species of trypanosomes were identified in the infected animals, Trypanosoma vivax (5.5%), T. congolense (5.5%), and T. brucei (2.0%). The mean body weights of infected animals (257.94 ± 74.13kg) were significantly lower than that of the control (386.96 ± 62.69kg). The mean rectal temperature of infected animals (39.82 ± 1.79ºC) differed significantly from the control (38.490.84ºC) (P<0.05). The mean PCV (23.27 ± 6.82%), platelet (93.23 ± 42.02 x103 μl), and total leukocyte counts (4.40 ± 1.64x103 μl) of infected cattle before treatment were significantly lower than those of the control (32.47 ± 8.35%, 209.67 ± 55.75 x103 μl and 8.14 ± 3.34 x103 μl respectively). Lymphocyte counts (64.64 ± 12.19%) were significantly higher in the infected cattle when compared to the control (58.19 ± 15.29%). The mean neutrophils count (32.62 ± 12.25%) of the infected cattle was significantly lower than the control (39.46 ± 15.05%). The mean values of Alanine amino transferase (34.62 ± 20.57 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (105.48 ± 37.97 IU/L), Creatinine kinase (265.71 ± 21.25 IU/L) of the infected cattle were significantly higher than the control (16.60 ± 3.73 IU/L, 65.60 ± 18.90 IU/L, and 254.12 ± 11.32 IU/L respectively). The mean total proteins (51.50 ± 18.28 mg/dL), glucose (31.94 ± 13.68 mg/dL), cholesterol (2.62 ± 1.33 mg/dL) of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the control (77.20 ± 14.46 mg/dL, 46.80±13.59 mg/dL, 3.25 ± 1.66 mg/dL) respectively. The levels of albumin (24.84 ± 8.31 mg/dl) and globulins (29.34 ± 15.31 mg/dl) of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the control (27.60 ± 6.73 mg/dL and 49.80 ± 15.05 mg/dL) respectively. The mean triglycerides levels of the infected cattle (2.32 ± 1.08 mg/dL) were significantly higher than the control (1.90 ± 0.58 mg/dL). The mean levels of sodium (111.82 ± 28.84 mg/dL), chloride (91.76 ± 25.59 mg/dL) and bicarbonates (17.46 ± 6.76 mg/dL) of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the control (127.80 ± 34.95 mg/dL, 98.60 ± 19.48 mg/dL, and 20.6012.58 mg/dL) respectively. The levels of calcium (2.98 ± 0.84mg/dL), iron (1.55 ± 0.60 mg/dL), copper (0.49 ± 0.36 mg/dL) and zinc (2.08±1.42 mg/dL) were significantly lower in infected cattle compared to the values of the control (4.16 ± 0.54 mg/dL, 4.45 ± 2.07 mg/dL, 0.81 ± 0.08 mg/dL, and 7.88 ± 2.52 mg/dL) respectively. All values were held at P≤0.05 confidence interval. This study has suggested for the first time the clinical signs of natural cases of trypanosomosis in cattle in selected Local Government Areas in Niger State. Diminazene aceturate and isomethamidium chloride were effective in the treatment of naturally occurring trypanosomosis. However, relapse infection was observed using both drugs. The study has shown that the current trend in diagnosis, treatment and management of trypanosomosis is important to avoid treatments that will potentiate drug resistance. Further work should be done to establish the parasitological and pathological bases for each of the clinical signs that were observed in this study.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FOOD ANIMAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS,, BLOOD PARAMETERS,, RESPONSE., TREATMENT., NATURALLY OCCURING CASES,, BOVINE TRYPANOSOMOSIS,, NIGER STATE,, NIGERIA