SURVEILLANCE FOR AFRICAN SWINE FEVER AND CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
SURVEILLANCE FOR AFRICAN SWINE FEVER AND CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2017-06
Authors
ASAMBE, AONDOAKAA
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Abstract
A serosurveillance study was conducted to detect the presence of antibodies to African swine fever virus (ASFV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in pigs sampled frompiggeries and Makurdi central slaughter slab in Benue State, Nigeria. Four hundred and sixteen (416) pigs from 74 piggeries across 12 LGAs and 44 pigs at the Makurdi central slaughter slab were sampled for serum. The sera collected were analysed using Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test kit to test for antibodies to ASFV while competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test kit was used to test for antibodies to CSFV. Questionnaire were distributed to 80 respondents consisting of farmers and slaughter slab workers to determine the risk factors associated with ASF and CSF infection. Of the 416 pigs from piggeries and 44 pigs sampled from the slaughter slab, 7 (1.7 %) and 6 (13.6 %) respectivelytested positive to ASFV antibodies and the detection rate was significantly associated with the pigs sampled in the different locations(p < 0.0001),while none tested positive to CSFV antibodies in both locations. Out of the 12 LGAs sampled, Obi LGA had the highest ASFV antibody detection rate of (4.8%)and the detection rate was significantly associated with the pigs sampled in different LGAs (p < 0.0001).Piggeries located within 1km radius of a slaughter slab(OR=9.2, 95 % CI - 3.0 – 28.8), piggeries near refuse dump sites (OR=3.0, 95 % CI - 1.0 – 9.5)and piggeries where farm workers wear their work clothes outside of the piggery premises (OR=0.2, 95 % CI 0.1 - 0.7)were significantlyassociated (p < 0.0001), (p = 0.05)and (p < 0.005)with ASF infection of the sampled piggeries. Sanitary measures in piggeries were observed to be generally very poor,though respondents admitted being aware of ASF. The study concluded that antibodies to CSFV were absent in the sampled pigs in piggeries and at the Makurdi slaughter slab in Benue State. Also that antibodies to ASFV were detected both in sampled pigs in
piggeries and at the Makurdi slaughter slab and may pose a great risk in the study area.It is therefore recommended that further studies be carried out to investigate possible sources of infection in ASFV positive pigs and also characterise the ASFV circulating in Benue State. Adherence to hygienic and proper sanitary measures in piggeries, routine surveillance and monitoring of ASFV and CSFV antibodies in pigs in Benue State to provide a comprehensive and readily accessible data base on these diseases to plan for the prevention of any fulminating outbreak were equally recommended.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATESTUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN FOOD ANIMAL MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SURVEILLANCE FOR AFRICAN SWINE,, FEVER,, CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER,, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA,