OCCURRENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA AND SHIGELLA SPECIES FROM RAW AND FERMENTED COW MILK (“NONO”) IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS, NIGERIA
OCCURRENCE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF SALMONELLA AND SHIGELLA SPECIES FROM RAW AND FERMENTED COW MILK (“NONO”) IN ZARIA AND ENVIRONS, NIGERIA
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Date
2018-02
Authors
ONIOSHUN, Elizabeth
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Abstract
The daily demand for the consumption of dairy products necessitates the need for investigating the level of bacterial contamination and the presence of pathogenic organisms like Salmonella and Shigella in milk and its products. Also, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in treatment of infections, in the agricultural industry, as household disinfectants and as growth promoters has led to increasing antibiotic resistance in different parts of the world, hence, the need for continuous monitoring of resistance of pathogenic organisms to commonly used antibiotics. One hundred and twenty eight (128) raw milk samples and one hundred and fourty (140) fermented milk samples were collected from dairy herds in 13 villages and 10 market places respectively from Zaria and its environs. The Total Aerobic Count (TAC) of the milk samples was determined and the presence of Salmonella and Shigella species was investigated following the ISO 6579 2003 standard. Shigella species was not isolated from the study. The overall mean log CFU/ml ± standard deviations for raw milk and fermented milk were 7.1±0.5 and 9.0±0.6 respectively. These were above the acceptable level recommended by the European Commission (mean log 5.0) indicating that milking was likely done in an unhygienic manner. Only 7/268 (2.6%) isolates conformed with typical Salmonella reactions from biochemical testing. Of the 7 isolates, only 3 were identified as Salmonella species using the microbactTM kit. The 3 isolates also agglutinated with the Salmonella polyvalent A-S antiserum. None of the 3 isolates harboured the invA virulence gene. The isolates were tested against nine antimicrobial classes and were sensitive to only one class (Folate inhibitor pathway). All the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance to the other 8 antimicrobial classes with each isolate showing resistance to 8 and the highest to 9 antimicrobials within the class of fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides,
cephem, nitrofurantoin, beta-lactamase inhibitor, tetracyclines, macrolide and phenicols. It is important to combat the indiscriminate use of antibiotics owing to increase in resistance
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
OCCURRENCE,, ANTIBIOGRAM,, SALMONELLA,, SHIGELLA SPECIES,, RAW,, FERMENTED COW MILK,, ZARIA,, ENVIRONS,, NIGERIA