DETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Escherichia coli FROM CATTLE FAECES AND MANURE IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorZAILANI, Shehu Abdulqadir
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-28T10:57:59Z
dc.date.available2021-05-28T10:57:59Z
dc.date.issued2020-03
dc.descriptionA THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE. DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA.en_US
dc.description.abstractThis research assessed the practice of manure use, its role in dissemination of virulent and antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli from cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria. The objectives were to isolate and identify shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) in cattle faeces and manure from abattoirs, cattle farms (CF) and livestock markets (LM); to determine the anti-microbial susceptibility of the isolates against some antimicrobial agents and multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices, to determine the presence and distribution of antibiotic resistance (tetA, B, C, D, K) and virulence genes (eaeA, stx1, stx2) in the isolates using PCR, and to the evaluate practice of cattle manure use and socio-economic factors promoting it on farm lands through administration of questionnaires. A purposive sampling study involving cattle population in the abattoirs, CF and LM and farmers using cattle manure on their farms was carried out. One local government area (LGA) was selected from each of the three agro-climatic zones of the State based on large cattle population and largest slaughter facility selected with Bauchi (southern), Darazo (central) and Katagum (northern) LGAs being selected. Abattoir with highest slaughter figures in each of the LGAs was selected; similar criteria were used in the selection of the CF and LM from the selected LGAs. Three (3) cattle farms with more than fifty (50) animals were considered; one farm in each of three (3) districts of the selected LGAs was considered. One major slaughter facility and one cattle market were selected from each of the LGAs based on the number of animals slaughtered and the number of animals available at the markets respectively. Standard laboratory procedures for the isolation and identification of E. coli were followed and biochemical characterization of the isolates followed by serological identification, antibiotic susceptibility tests and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for detection of virulence and resistance genes. Also three hundred (300) structured questionnaires were administered to respondents across the three (3) LGAs, where fifty (50) were administered to individuals keeping animals (manure producers) and fifty (50) to crop farmers using manures on their farm lands (manure consumers) in each of the selected LGAs. Three hundred and fourteen (314) faecal samples and seven (7) manure samples out of nine hundred and ninety (990) faecal and one hundred and sixty-five (165) manure samples respectively were presumptive positive for E. coli, among which 51(16.2%) positive isolates were from the abattoirs, 107(34.1%) from CF and 156(49.6%) were from the LM. The result also indicated highest number of positives 135(42.9%) from Bauchi, followed by 130(41.4) from Katagum and then 49(15.9) from Darazo. On the basis of sex males had more positives 219(69.7%) than females with 95(30.3) out of three hundred and fourteen (314) presumptive positives for E. coli. Biochemical test results showed 75(24%) isolates from faecal samples to be positive, while 7(4.24%) isolates from manure samples were positive for E. coli. Out of the isolates 30 were E. coli O157:H7, while 20 were non-O157. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed high susceptibility of tested isolates to chloramphenicol - 40(80%), followed by Gentamicin and Imipenem - 35(70%). Highest frequency of resistance was recorded for cefazoline - 44(88%) and closely followed by sulfamethoxazole and Enrofloxacin - 42(84%) and 40(80%) respectively. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected from the isolates confirmed to be E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157. The study showed that majority 99(63.8) of respondents that used manure on their farm lands have acquired basic education. Most respondents 125 (80.6%) indicated manure being cheaper, accessible and available as their reasons for using it. Most farmers - 142 (91.6%) that used manure on their farms used cattle manure and the majority 141(90.9%) of them planted ≥ 2 crops types on their farms. It was observed that farmers were aware of consumer preferences for crops grown with manure. In conclusion Escherichia coli were found to be more in male cattle 219(22.1%) than in female cattle 95(9.6%) and more in adult cattle 271(27.4%) than in young ones 43(4.34%). All isolates showed multiple drug resistance (MDR) with some isolates showing resistance to up to 8 antimicrobial agents belonging to 7 groups of antimicrobial agents. The MAR index of 0.2 was observed in most isolates where 98% of the. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were detected from the E. coli isolates of cattle faeces in the study area from the abattoirs, CF and LM. Respondents levels of education to biosecurity was statistically significant (p<0.05), with economic consideration as respondents‟ reasons for manure use.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/12366
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectDETECTION AND MOLECULAR,en_US
dc.subjectCHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENT,en_US
dc.subjectANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Escherichia coli,en_US
dc.subjectCATTLE FAECES AND MANURE,en_US
dc.subjectBAUCHI STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.titleDETECTION AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF VIRULENT AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT Escherichia coli FROM CATTLE FAECES AND MANURE IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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