THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF PALM OIL DIET ON THE SMALL INTESTINE, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF ALBINO RATS
THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF PALM OIL DIET ON THE SMALL INTESTINE, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF ALBINO RATS
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2014-09-17
Authors
IBEGBU, AUGUSTINE OSELOKA
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
The study of the effect of chronic consumption of palm oil diet on the small
intestine, liver and kidney of Albino rat was undertaken using thirty Albino rats
which were randomly separated into three groups (A, B and C) of ten rats each. At
the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight of rats in the three groups
was not significantly different from each other. The first group (A) was fed on
thermoxidized palm oil diet made up of 15gm of thermoxidized palm oil mixed with
85gm of rat feed (15% W/W), while the second group (B) was fed on fresh palm oil
diet comprising 15gm of fresh palm oil mixed with 85gm of rat feed (15% W/W). The
third group (C) was used as control and were fed normal rat ration only.
At the end of the thirty-two weeks of feeding, the mean gain in body weight
of the control was significantly greater than those fed both thermoxidized and fresh
palm oil diets (P<0.05) while the mean change in weight between the two test groups
was not significant. The mean change in body weight of the animals were 52.7 ±
15.7gm, 65.0 ± 19.3gm and 88.8 ± 23.7gm for groups A, B and C respectively.
The daily food consumption was significantly different between the control
and the test groups (A and B) (P<0.05) and between the group A and B (P<0.05).
The mean daily food intake per rat was 9.39 ± 1.91gm, 10.52 ± 1.33gm and 13.27 ±
0.86 for groups A, B and C respectively.
The surface amplification factor due to the jejunal was 3 to 4, 3 to 4 and
5 to 6 for groups A, B and C respectively, of which the level of difference was
significant between the control group C and the test groups A and B only, while the
mean villous length was 382.50 ± 44.50um; 442.50 ± 65.27um and 487.5 ± 38.75um
for groups A, B and C respectively.
Histological examination of the small intestinal mucosa, and submucosa, the
liver and the kidney showed that they were affected in rats fed thermoxidized and
fresh palm oil diets when compared to the control. In rats placed on thermoxidized
palm oil diet, the mucosa and the villi of the small intestine were shown to be
wearing away and reduced in height while the submucosa was enlarged and eroded.
The rats fed fresh palm oil diet showed enlarged villi, stroma and submucosa.
The liver of rats fed both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diet showed
various accumulation of degenerative fatty vacoules and areas of necrosis, which was
more pronounced in the thermoxidized group than the fresh palm oil group while the
control groups showed normal histology of the liver.
The kidney of rats fed both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets showed
proliferated lacis cells (Polkissen) and proteinacious cast in the lumen of some
proximal and distal tubules. The proliferated cells and the deposited materials were
more in group A animals than group B while the control showed normal histology.
Also the blood vessels in the liver and kidney of the test animals (A and B) were
congested when compared to the control.
This study therefore shows that chronic consumption of both thermoxidized
and fresh palm oil diets are hazardous to the tissues of the small intestine, liver and
kidney, due to the peroxides that are present in the oils.
Description
SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE
OF THE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Keywords
CHRONIC,, CONSUMPTION,, PALM OIL,, DIET,, SMALL INTESTINE,, LIVER AND KIDNEY,, ALBINO RATS