THE EFFECT OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF PALM OIL DIET ON THE SMALL INTESTINE, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF ALBINO RATS

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Date
2014-09-17
Authors
IBEGBU, AUGUSTINE OSELOKA
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Abstract
The study of the effect of chronic consumption of palm oil diet on the small intestine, liver and kidney of Albino rat was undertaken using thirty Albino rats which were randomly separated into three groups (A, B and C) of ten rats each. At the beginning of the experiment, the mean body weight of rats in the three groups was not significantly different from each other. The first group (A) was fed on thermoxidized palm oil diet made up of 15gm of thermoxidized palm oil mixed with 85gm of rat feed (15% W/W), while the second group (B) was fed on fresh palm oil diet comprising 15gm of fresh palm oil mixed with 85gm of rat feed (15% W/W). The third group (C) was used as control and were fed normal rat ration only. At the end of the thirty-two weeks of feeding, the mean gain in body weight of the control was significantly greater than those fed both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets (P<0.05) while the mean change in weight between the two test groups was not significant. The mean change in body weight of the animals were 52.7 ± 15.7gm, 65.0 ± 19.3gm and 88.8 ± 23.7gm for groups A, B and C respectively. The daily food consumption was significantly different between the control and the test groups (A and B) (P<0.05) and between the group A and B (P<0.05). The mean daily food intake per rat was 9.39 ± 1.91gm, 10.52 ± 1.33gm and 13.27 ± 0.86 for groups A, B and C respectively. The surface amplification factor due to the jejunal was 3 to 4, 3 to 4 and 5 to 6 for groups A, B and C respectively, of which the level of difference was significant between the control group C and the test groups A and B only, while the mean villous length was 382.50 ± 44.50um; 442.50 ± 65.27um and 487.5 ± 38.75um for groups A, B and C respectively. Histological examination of the small intestinal mucosa, and submucosa, the liver and the kidney showed that they were affected in rats fed thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets when compared to the control. In rats placed on thermoxidized palm oil diet, the mucosa and the villi of the small intestine were shown to be wearing away and reduced in height while the submucosa was enlarged and eroded. The rats fed fresh palm oil diet showed enlarged villi, stroma and submucosa. The liver of rats fed both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diet showed various accumulation of degenerative fatty vacoules and areas of necrosis, which was more pronounced in the thermoxidized group than the fresh palm oil group while the control groups showed normal histology of the liver. The kidney of rats fed both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets showed proliferated lacis cells (Polkissen) and proteinacious cast in the lumen of some proximal and distal tubules. The proliferated cells and the deposited materials were more in group A animals than group B while the control showed normal histology. Also the blood vessels in the liver and kidney of the test animals (A and B) were congested when compared to the control. This study therefore shows that chronic consumption of both thermoxidized and fresh palm oil diets are hazardous to the tissues of the small intestine, liver and kidney, due to the peroxides that are present in the oils.
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SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE OF THE AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY ANATOMY, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
Keywords
CHRONIC,, CONSUMPTION,, PALM OIL,, DIET,, SMALL INTESTINE,, LIVER AND KIDNEY,, ALBINO RATS
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