EVALUATION OF ANTITRYPANOSOMAL EFFECT OF STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF SECURIDACA LONGEPEDUNCULATA (FRES. HOLL) AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI INFECTION IN WISTAR RATS
EVALUATION OF ANTITRYPANOSOMAL EFFECT OF STEM-BARK EXTRACTS OF SECURIDACA LONGEPEDUNCULATA (FRES. HOLL) AGAINST TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI INFECTION IN WISTAR RATS
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Date
2014-09
Authors
TAUHEED, MOHAMMAD
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Abstract
Due to numerous problems associated with current treatment of trypanosomosis, there is
increasing need to find effective drug against trypanosomosis ravaging sub-Saharan Africa from
traditional medicinal herbs. This work is aimed at evaluating efficacy of stem-bark extracts of S.
longepedunculata against T. brucei brucei infected Wistar rats. The in vitro study and drug
incubation infectivity test were carried out in duplicates. One hundred microlitre of blood
containing 30-35 parasites per field was mixed with 50 μl of extract at 3 mg/ml and 6 mg/ml of
crude methanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol extracts of S. longepedunculata and
incubated at 37 ºC for 90 minutes. Similarly, diminazene aceturate, normal saline and parasiteladen
blood served as controls. Motility of the parasite was monitored under microscope at 5
minutes interval throughout 90 minutes observation period. The mixtures were subsequently
inoculated into rats that were not previously infected with trypanosomes. In the in vivo studies,
40 adult Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into eight groups of 5 rats each and were
individually infected intraperitoneally (i.p) with 106T. brucei brucei per ml of blood. Animals in
groups I and II were treated with crude methanol extract at 0.7 and 0.35 mg/kg i.p, groups III and
IV were treated with ethyl acetate fraction at 0.7 and 0.35 mg/kg, while groups V and VI were
treated with 0.9 and 0.45 mg/kg of aqueous methanol fraction, respectively. Animals in groups
VII and VIII were treated with diminazene aceturate at 3.5 mg/kg and normal saline (2 ml/kg),
respectively. Four animals in group IX were neither infected nor treated and served as neutral
control. In the prophylactic studies, 25 rats of both sexes were divided into V groups of 5 rats
each. Animals in groups I, II, and III were pre-treated with crude methanol extract at 0.35 mg/kg
IP for 3, 5 and 7 days, respectively; while group IV received normal saline and served as
negative control. The animals were then individually infected with 106 parasites per ml of blood.
Animals in group V served as neutral control. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed
the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, steroid, triterpenes, flavonoids and
tannins. However, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions were devoid of flavonoids. In the in vitro
study, crude methanol extract immobilized parasite within 75 minutes while ethyl acetate and
aqueous extracts induced slight reduction in motility at 90 minutes. However, inoculated rats
developed infection and succumbed to the infection. The stem-bark extracts could not eliminate
the parasites in all the groups tested. Nonetheless, crude methanol extract prolonged the survival
period of rats when compared to other groups, though not statistically significant (P<0.05). Pretreatment
of animals with crude methanol extract before challenge with the parasite could not
prevent infection. Thus, stem-bark of the plant could be said to possess trypanostatic activity
against the parasite.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF A
DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA.
NIGERIA.
SEPTEMBER, 2014
Keywords
EVALUATION,, ANTITRYPANOSOMAL,, STEM-BARK EXTRACTS,, SECURIDACA,, LONGEPEDUNCULATA,, TRYPANOSOMA,, BRUCEI BRUCEI,, WISTAR RATS