PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM CASES OF BACTERIURIA IN ABUJA AND ENVIRON.
PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM CASES OF BACTERIURIA IN ABUJA AND ENVIRON.
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Date
2006-05
Authors
ALHASSAN, Shuibu Tairu
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are systemic infections that pose great
problem to the health care delivery system worldwide. More importantly, the
uropathogenic isolates are becoming more resistant to commonly used
antimicrobial agents.
In order to evaluate the extent of significant bacteriuria in Abuja and
environs, pre-study survey by way of questionnaire was carried out. The
outcome showed a high prevalence of significant bacteriuria in Abuja and
surrounding settlements. Furthermore the research work was designed to
undertake the isolation, characterization and assessment of the susceptibility
profile of the pathogenic isolates involved in urinary tract infections. The
degree of resistance and prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) of
the isolates was examined using multiple antibiotic resistance index. The
minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin and streptomycin
against the seventeen (17) multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) isolates was
determined using the macrobroth dilution method. The involvement of either
plasmid or chromosome in the drug resistant of the isolates was investigated
using acridine-curing experiment. The biochemical mechanism of bacterial
resistance was investigated by screening for the production of β-lactamase
enzymes.
Out of a total of 305 suspected bacteriuria cases from five different
healthcare Institutions in Abuja and environ, 96 (31.5%) of them were
adjudged of having urinary tract infections. From the positive samples, 100
uropathogenic organisms were isolated. They comprised of E. coli (33%),
Proteus spp (32%), Klebsiella spp (14%), Staph. aureus (11%),
Streptococcus spp (6%) and Ps aeruginosa (4%). The increase in incidence
of UTI pathogens in term of number of isolates was in the order of Asokoro
> Gwagwalada > National Hospital (central area) > Maitama > Durumi.
The susceptibility test showed that a high percentage of the isolates was
sensitive to gentimicin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin,
lincomycin, co-trimoxazole, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin,
norfloxacin, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin/cloxacillin (ampicloxR)
and cephalexin, while lower percentage of the isolates was susceptible to
ampicillin and tetracycline.
The incidence of resistance to several antibiotics as judged by the multiple
antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was in the order of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa >Streptococcus spp >Staphylococcus aureus >Klebsiella spp
>Proteus spp >Escherichia coli. The MICs of ampicillin and streptomycin
to some of the resistant isolates were of the values between 73-1250 μg/ml
and 156-2500 μg/ml respectively. From acridine orange curing experiment
71% and 83% of the resistant isolates showed the reduction in MIC values of
ampicillin and streptomycin respectively suggesting that plasmids and in
some cases chromosome were responsible for the resistance to ampicillin
and streptomycin. Majority, (56%) of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR)
isolates were positive to β-lactamase enzyme production indicating that
enzymatic detoxification is one of the major mechanisms of antibiotic
resistance.
Description
A Thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School Ahmadu Bello University in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of MASTER
OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY,
FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PREVALENCE,, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE,, BACTERIAL ISOLATES,, CASES,, BACTERIURIA,, ABUJA,, ENVIRON.