SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS INFECTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN GULANI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS VIRUS INFECTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN GULANI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2019-11
Authors
BULAMA, Umaru
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Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe, fast spreading disease of mainly domestic
small ruminants (sheep and goats). It is characterized by sudden onset of depression,
fever, discharges from the eyes and nose, sores in the mouth, disturbed breathing,
coughing, foul smelling diarrhoea and death. This study was carried out between
January and June 2018, to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors (age, sex,
breeds and husbandry practices) of PPR in sheep and goats in Gulani Local
Government Area (LGA) of Yobe State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was
conducted and a total of 331 sheep and goat sera were sampled and screened using
Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). An overall prevalence
of 51.1% was obtained. There was higher seroprevalence of PPR in goats (53.9%)
compared to sheep (47.7%), however, this was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
This work has also shown a higher seroprevalence of PPR in female (58.6%) than
male (36.8%) goats and in female (50.5%) than male (41.7%) sheep. Only 18.4% of
animals sampled were vaccinated against PPR, exposing a larger population of
livestock to natural infections and possible PPR disease outbreaks. The seroprevalence
of PPR antibody increases with age in both sheep (young 23.8%, adult 51.5%) and
goats (young 42.5%, adult 57.2%). Location-based seroprevalence of PPR revealed
the highest prevalence of 59.7% in Dutchi ward, while Kukuwa ward had the lowest
prevalence rate of 34.5%. Breed-based seroprevalence revealed that the Sahelian goat
had the highest prevalence of PPR (57.1%) while Udda breed of sheep had the lowest
prevalence of 43.5%. Sokoto red goat, Yankasa and Balami sheep had 52.9%, 48.2%,
and 50% PPR prevalence rates respectively. In conclusion, there was high
seroprevalence of PPR in the study area in sheep and goats which shows possible
exposure to PPR in the study area. Therefore, further studies to isolate the virus and
determine its strain and pathogenicity to livestock is recommended. Control measures
should be instituted to monitor transboundary migration of animals for proper
management of the disease and to minimize the loss associated with the disease.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF MASTER DEGREE IN VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE,
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS,, PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS,, VIRUS INFECTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS,, GULANI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA,,, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA