STUDIES IN CATTLE OF BRUCELLA INFECTIONS, CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE ISOLATES FROM KACHIA GRAZING RESERVE AND JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIA

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dc.contributor.authorBERTU, WILSON JAMES
dc.date.accessioned2014-11-28T09:06:51Z
dc.date.available2014-11-28T09:06:51Z
dc.date.issued2014-08
dc.descriptionA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIAen_US
dc.description.abstractBrucellosis is an infectious disease of domestic animals and wildlife and one of the commonest human Zoonosis caused by slow-growing, small, Gram negative, cocobacilli and intracellular bacteria of the genus Brucella. The prevalence of brucellosis is high in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, brucellosis is endemic and wide- spread. Several serological studies carried out in various parts of the country indicated that brucellosis is prevalent, with prevalence rates ranging from low to high. A few studies on cultural isolation of Brucella organisms have also been conducted, all of which reported Brucella abortus biotype 1 as the species circulating in Nigeria. However, few or no studies have been done on brucellosis in the study areas. There has also been little or no work on the molecular identification of Brucella isolates from Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Fulani cattle herds in Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) and the Jos Plateau to determine the prevalence of brucellosis, isolate Brucella strains and carry out conventional and molecular identification of the isolates from the two study areas along with some isolates from field submissions and from the archive. A total of 1,982 and 2,880 serum samples were collected from cattle from KGR and on the Jos Plateau respectively and tested for Brucella antibodies by standard RBPT and modified RBPT. A total of 229 samples made up of vaginal swabs, milk and hygroma fluids were collected from the two study areas and cultured for Brucella isolation according to standard methods. Classical biotyping was carried out on all the isolates in this study and those in the archive. Bruceladder multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates to species level. Geographic information system was used to map out the study areas. Based on standard RBPT, the individual animal prevalence and herd prevalence of brucellosis in KGR were 0.5% and 17. 5% respectively while the individual and herd prevalence of brucellosis on the Jos Plateau were 1.0% and 30.0% respectively. Fifty eight (2.9%) individual animal prevalence and 21(52.5%) herd prevalence were recorded in KGR while 91(3.2%) individual animal prevalence and 23(63.9%) herd prevalence were recorded on the Jos Plateau respectively using the modified RBPT. Due to its higher sensitivity, the modified RBPT was used to determine the prevalence rates based on blocks, villages, sex, age and herd sizes. The prevalence of brucellosis was higher on the Jos Plateau compared to KGR but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Seropositivity was higher in larger herds compared to smaller herds, and this was statistically significant (P<0.05). The prevalence rates were significantly higher in females compared to males and in adults compared to the young (P<0.05). Three Brucella abortus isolates were obtained from KGR while four Brucella abortus isolates were obtained from the Jos Plateau. Classical biotyping of all the isolates including field submissions and those from the archive revealed that they were all Brucella abortus biotype 3. Molecular identification of all the isolates by Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR showed that they were all Brucella abortus. This is the first molecular identification of Brucella isolates from Nigeria to their species level and the first use of the Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR. This study may be the first to establish that Brucella abortus biotype 3 is the predominant Brucella biotype circulating in Nigeria. These findings are very significant as they established the endemicity of Brucella infection due to Brucella abortus biotype 3 in KGR and on the Jos Plateau. GIS enabled the spatial presentation of Brucella prevalence on the map of each study areas and provided a better understanding of the spread of the disease. There is urgent need for the institution and implementation of brucellosis control in these areas. Genotyping of the isolates should be carried out to determine their phylogenetic position in relationship with those in the data bases.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5701
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.subjectSTUDIES,en_US
dc.subjectCATTLE,en_US
dc.subjectBRUCELLA,en_US
dc.subjectINFECTIONS,en_US
dc.subjectCONVENTIONAL,en_US
dc.subjectMOLECULAR,en_US
dc.subjectISOLATES,en_US
dc.subjectGRAZING,en_US
dc.subjectRESERVE,en_US
dc.subjectJOS PLATEAU,en_US
dc.subjectNIGERIA.en_US
dc.titleSTUDIES IN CATTLE OF BRUCELLA INFECTIONS, CONVENTIONAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE ISOLATES FROM KACHIA GRAZING RESERVE AND JOS PLATEAU, NIGERIAen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
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