EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT POWDERS FOR THE CONTROL OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) ON STORED COWPEA
EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME PLANT POWDERS FOR THE CONTROL OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) ON STORED COWPEA
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Date
1997-08
Authors
OPARAEKE, ALPHONSUS MBONU
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Abstract
Laboratory trials were conducted at the Department of
Crop Protection, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu
Bello University, Samaru- Zaria, to evaluate the efficacy of
various plant powders (Neem Seeds and Leaves, Garlic bulbs,
Orange peels, African Curry leaves, Onion leaves, African bush
tea leaves, Lemon grass stem powders) and a conventional
insecticide, Actellic dust, for the control of cowpea weevil,
Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.).
Plant powders were applied at three concentrations: 2.5,
5.0, 10.Og per lOOg cowpea seed and actellic dust was applied
at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.Og per lOOg cowpea seed.
The criteria used for assessing the efficacy of these
products included, mortality at 24 hours, 48 hours and seven
days post treatments; oviposition rates; progeny development
(F, F2, F3) , percentage cowpea damage and weight losses; seed
viability, grain quality and taste, after three months of
storage.
The results showed that there was high mortality within
24 hours on cowpea treated with actellic dust at the highest
level (3.0g w\w) which had 100 percent adult weevil mortality.
African curry leaf powder (ACLP) at all three levels; Neem
seed powder (NSP), Eucalyptus leaf powder (ELP); and Garlic
Bulb powder (GBP) caused more than 45 percent mortality of
bruchid at the highest level (10.Og w\w) within the same
period.
The critical period of adult weevils activity after
emergence is within 48 hours. During this period, however,
some of the plant extracts (such as NSP, ACLP, GBP, ELP, Lemon
grass stem powder (LGSP) and Orange peel powder (OPP) recorded
between 55.0 and 98.34 percent adult weevil mortality at the
various treatment levels as compared with no deaths in the
control.
NSP achieved 100 percent inhibition of F, at the highest
treatment level (10.Og w\w) compared with Actellic dust which
recorded less than 75 percent progeny inhibition at the
highest level. Other plant materials which had more than 50
percent inhibition of progeny development at the highest
concentration included GBP, ELP, ACLP and NLP.
The percentage damage and weight loss were least on
cowpea treated with NSP at all treatment levels; followed by
actellic dust and ACLP at similar levels. Actellic dust and
powders of NSP, ACLP, NLP and GBP, LGSP, ELP, ABTP (African
bush tea powder), OPP deterred ovipositon and larval
development.
Seed viability and grain quality were largely unaffected
by the treatments when compared with the control. Generally,
in all the parameters studied, these plant products and
Actellic dust showed better performances as their treatment
levels increased, suggesting that higher doses should be used
(except for actellic dust) to establish the optimum
concentration of powders that would be more effective than the
ones used in the present trials.
Description
A thesis submitted to the Post Graduate School, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria, in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Crop
Protection.
DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
NIGERIA
AUGUST, 1997 .
Keywords
EVALUATION,, COMPARATIVE,, EFFICACY,, PLANT,, POWDERS,, CONTROL,, CALLOSOBRUCHUS,, MACULATUS,, (COLEOPTERA:, BRUCHIDAE), STORED,, COWPEA.