SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF SILICA FROM RICE HUSK ASH FOR GLASS CERAMICS PRODUCTION
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF SILICA FROM RICE HUSK ASH FOR GLASS CERAMICS PRODUCTION
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Date
2015-10
Authors
GIDEON, SAMUEL ADE
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Abstract
This study is an experimental research on the possible use of rice husk ash silica for the
Production of glass ceramics utilising the abundant agricultural waste. Rice husk was pre-treated,
carbonised to drive out volatile matter and ash at 700oC. The brown ash (BA) obtained was
characterised by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to determine the
chemical composition and to know the crystal phases present in the ash. The XRF result
contained 79.98% SiO2 and the rest 20.02% included 1.80% P2O3, 0.42% Na2O, 1.54% CaO,
0.05% BaO, 0.11% TiO2. XRD result of the RHA showed a broad peak zone centred near
2θ 22.2o signifying the amorphous nature of silica. A solution of the ash was prepared with
Sodium hydroxide, titre against a solution of Calcium trioxonitrate(iv) tetrahydrate and
Trioxonitrate (v) acid, after some minutes the gel was formed and dried to powder. Fourteen
samples were compacted and sintered at 700oC. The products were characterised by XRD,
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the physicochemical properties were tested. The XRD
Pattern of the product showed the presence of sodium calcium silicate phase (Na4Ca4SiO6O18)
combeite which belong to the bioactive ceramics family. The SEM showed a circular
morphology of glass ceramics in glassy matrix with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS)
elemental spectra showing Si, Ca, P and Na. Physicochemical test also showed the material
having 0.2% water absorption below the convectional range of between 5-10% making it better
by being less porous and good resistance to alkali attack than acid attack. Above all, a glass
ceramics product has been produced highlighting the importance of utilising an agricultural
waste RHA in the glass and glass ceramics industry for production. It also, goes to show that
RHA is an alternative raw material to silica sand. The sol-gel route employed proves that it is a
high energy saving technique when compared with the conventional methods and powder
processing through sinter-crystallisation.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF A
MASTER DEGREE IN GLASS TECHNOLOGY.
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN,
FACULTY OF ENVIROMENTAL DESIGN,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA,Nigeria.
Keywords
SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS,, SILICA,, RICE HUSK ASH,, GLASS CERAMICS PRODUCTION.