SELF-HELP EFFORTS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON THE CASE OF THE AWING COMMUNITY IN THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCE( 1986 - 1996)
SELF-HELP EFFORTS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON THE CASE OF THE AWING COMMUNITY IN THE NORTH-WEST PROVINCE( 1986 - 1996)
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Date
1998-06
Authors
MBAFOR, NCHOTU CHRISTOPHER
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Abstract
In Cameroon like in many developing countries, most government programmes for
rural development failed or faced some di fficulties in realising their objectives due to several
reasons. Among them are: lack of sufficient funds, and material resources, misappropriation
and embezzlement of resources,
poor implementation due to inadequate motivation of civil servants and the fact that most
of these programmes do not address the felt-needs of the rural dwellers.
Against this background, several rural communities have resorted to self-help
initiative as a means of uplifting their standard of living.
This study is concerned with questions such as why rural dwellers usually feel
reluctant to actively participate in the execution of government initiated projects and why on
the other hand, locally initiated projects are better implemented, utilised, and better
maintained?
In this study the writer set out to critically compare the top-down and bottom-up
approaches to rural development in Awing community thereby identifying their merits and
demerits with a view to recommending one for adoption. Some theories which place great
emphasis on external support as a big push for self-help were re-examined. The study also
looked at ways of sensitizing and mobilizing rural communities for continuous efforts to
develop themselves through either of the two approaches.
The research is mainly exploratory. It therefore relies mostly on primary data, using
conventional survey techniques (the interview, questionnaire and observation) on a cross
section of community dwellers and community development staff. From a population of
38000 inhabitants, a sample of 400 persons was chosen from four community based
associations (CBAs) which are made up of all occupational groups. All the 104 community
development staff were given questionnaires for data generation.
In a review of related literature on development, authors like Micheal Todaro, Dudley
Seers, Akin Mabogunje,see the concept ;is multidimensional and can be situated within a
socio -cultural and spatial context. Most theorists encourage rural development on a selfsustaining
basis while others like Uma Lele encourage external support from private
agencies, but cautiously.
Rural development should, not be taken as a speedy, dramatic transformation but as
a gradual piecemeal process of social change involving beneficiaries from planning to
implementation stages.
The modernization theory is used as a theoretical framework to guide the study and
test the two hypotheses.
The study validated both hypotheses revealing that the development of the
community was a function of the sell -help efforts of the people and that comparing
government efforts with those of rural dwellers, government efforts had been less effective
and less successful. Government's extractive, regulative, distributive, symbolic and
responsive capabilities were grossly inadequate to initiate and sustain rural development in
the area.
This study recommends the bottom-up approach to rural development and calls on
government to re-orientate it's rural development policy especially in the English speaking
region of Cameroon. It also recommends the granting of more autonomy to local
communities especially in matters of determining their own priorities, project planning
financial management and management of other local resources.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL,
AHMADU BELLO UN1VERSITY-ZARIA, IN PARTIAL
FU1F1LMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF THE DEGREE OF MAS TER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
(LOCAL GOVERNMENT) M.P.A. (L.G)
DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT STUDIES,
FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATION,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY
ZARIA, NIGERIA.
June 1998.
Keywords
SELF,, HELP,, EFFORTS,, RURAL,, DEVELOPMENT,, CAMEROON,, CASE,, AWING,, COMMUNITY,, NORTH,, WEST,, PROVINCE,