HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND Azadirachta indica ADMINISTRATION ON LIVER AND PANCREAS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT WISTAR RATS
HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF MELATONIN AND Azadirachta indica ADMINISTRATION ON LIVER AND PANCREAS IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETES IN ADULT WISTAR RATS
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Date
2014-03
Authors
GODAM, ELVIS TAMS
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Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the histological and biochemical effects of melatonin and Azadirachta indica leaves ethanolic extract administration on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in adult Wistar rats. Forty five male Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into two main groups control group A and diabetic group B. The animals in Group A were sub divided into group 1, 2, 3 and 4 and group B animals subdivided into group 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 comprises of five rats per group respectively. Group 1 received placebo orally once daily, Group 2 (extract control) received 200mg/kgbw of extract orally daily, Group 3 (melatonin control) received 10mg/kgbw of melatonin intraperitoneally (IP) daily, Group 4 (extract and melatonin control) received 200mg/kg bw of extract orally and 10mg/kgbw of melatonin IP daily, Group 5 (diabetic control) received 10ml/kgbw normal saline daily, group 6 (extract treated) received 200mg/kgbw of extract orally daily, Group 7 (melatonin treated) received 10mg/kgbw of melatonin IP daily, group 8 (extract and melatonin treated group) received 200mk/kgbw of extract orally and 10mk/kgbw of melatonin IP daily while group 9 (metformin treated) received 500mg/kgbw of metformin orally daily. The weight and fasting blood glucose levels were determined at intervals of seven days. At the end of 21 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples collected from all groups and assayed spectrophotometrically for serum concentration of liver enzymes Aspartate (AST, ALT, ALP), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and intracellular antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione perioxidase (GPx), while the pancreatic and liver tissues were harvested and histologically processed and stained using H&E, The liver tissues were specially stained with PAS for glycogen, Gordon and Sweet for reticular fibers and HVG for collagen fibers. The study
showed that there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic treated groups with extract alone, melatonin alone, and when extract and melatonin were combined at (P<0.001). There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP in the STZ-induced diabetic extract treatment alone and when combined with melatonin, melatonin treatment alone at (P<0.001). For lipid peroxidation there was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in serum MDA for the group treated with extract alone and when combined and high significant value (P<0.001) for melatonin treated group only. The study also showed significant increase (P<0.05) in serum intracellular antioxidants of the extract and melatonin treatment groups alone for SOD and a highly significant value (p<0.001) when extract and melatonin were combined. CAT gave a significant values (p<0.05) for melatonin and extract treated groups alone and a high significant value (p<0.001) when extract and melatonin were combined. GPx gave significant value (p<0.05) of extract treatment alone and highly significant values (p<0.001) for melatonin treatment alone and when extract and melatonin were combined. The histological studies showed regeneration of the pancreatic islets, liver collagen and reticular fibers and improved hepatic glycogen stores in all treated diabetic groups. Results obtained in this study have shown that A. indica and melatonin potentiates diabetic control and regeneration of the pancreatic islets and liver tissues.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSGRADUATE STUDIES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (M.Sc.) DEGREE IN HUMAN ANATOMY
DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
MARCH 2014
Keywords
HISTOLOGICAL,, BIOCHEMICAL,, MELATONIN,, Azadirachta,, ADMINISTRATION,, LIVER,, PANCREAS,, STREPTOZOTOCIN,, DIABETES,, ADULT,, WISTAR RATS