SERO-DETECTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS DISEASE-INDUCING VIRUSES ON MAIZE (Zea mays L.) AND THEIR WEED HOSTS IN KADUNA AND KANO STATES, NIGERIA

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Date
2021-03
Authors
BELLO, Isah Abdulazeez
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Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa, however, yields are often not optimal, the deficit is partly due to pests and diseases among which Maize Lethal Necrosis disease (MLND) now figures importantly. Maize Lethal Necrosis disease is caused by coinfection of maize with Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV), a Machlomovirusand one of several viruses from the Potyviridae, such as Sugarcane mosaic virus(SCMV) orMaize dwarf mosaic virus(MDMV), these Potyviruseshave been confirmed in Nigeria Except MCMV, the primary virus of MLND. Field surveys were conducted during the 2018 dry (April) and wet (September) seasons in three Local Government Areas each in Kaduna and Kano States of Nigeria to determine the incidence and distribution of MLND component viruses (MCMV, MDMV and SCMV).A total of 18 maize farms were surveyed and a total of 135Maize and 90 weed samples were collected per season. The viruseswere detected using the Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and the Tripleantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA)singly, [Sugarcane mosaic virus(14.4%, 13%);Maize dwarf mosaic virus (10%, 1.6%);Maize chlorotic mottle virus(8.8%, 8.3%)]or as mixed infections[SCMV+MDMV (1.4%, 0.7%); SCMV+MCMV (1.1%, 2.5%); MCMV+SCMV (0.8%, 0.2%)] in both wet and dry seasons (weeds inclusive). Mixed infection by two viruses MCMV+SCMV was detected in Kura, Makarfi and Bagwai LGAs. SCMV and MCMV were detected singly and mixed in Kyllinga squamulata, Cyperus rotundus,Spermacoce verticillata,and singly inEleusine indica, Paspalum orbiculare, Setaria longiseta, Cynodon dactylon, Chloris pilosa, Saccharum officinarum, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Setaria verticillata, Vernonia cineria and Oldenlandia herbacea.MDMV was detected singly in Senna obtusifolia in Kura,SCMV was detected singly in Gomphrena celosiode and Blumea aurita in Makarfi and Lere LGAs respectively. The detection of mixed infections of Maize chlorotic mottle virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus (MCMV+SCMV) and Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MCMV+MDMV) in Maize and weeds confirms the presence of Maize Lethal Necrosis disease in these States.
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A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN CROP PROTECTION DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SERO-DETECTION AND DISTRIBUTION,, MAIZE LETHAL NECROSIS DISEASE-INDUCING VIRUSES ON MAIZE,, WEED HOSTS,, KADUNA AND KANO STATES, NIGERIA
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