CORRELATION OF THE CYTOLOGIC, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF INDIGENOUS BITCHES
CORRELATION OF THE CYTOLOGIC, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND HORMONAL CHANGES AT VARIOUS STAGES OF THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF INDIGENOUS BITCHES
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Date
2011-01
Authors
LAWAL, Maruf
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Abstract
Ten (10) mature bitches that had whelped at least once and at most twice were used the study was designed to provide baseline information correlating the cytologic, sonographic and hormonal changes that occur during the various phases of the reproductive cycle in Nigerian indigenous bitches. Baseline ultrasound data were obtained during the one month acclimatization period. Vaginal cytology, haematology and serum hormonal assay were carried out as described by Coles, 1986 and Nett et al., 1975 respectively. Each bitch was given 1ml vial of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) intramuscularly on day 1 and repeated after 48 hours. The sampling was done on days 1, 3 and 5 of the experiment. Ultrasound examination was conducted to visualize the internal genitalia and also measure the uterine luminal diameter throughout the study period. Following the first treatment, some of the bitches started showing characteristic physical signs of estrus. The bitches had a mean Packed Cell Volume of 37.93 + 8.48 %. Mean White blood cell count of 4.85 x109 + 0.78 x 109/ L was recorded. Follicle stimulating hormone mean concentration was 9.33 + 3.56μiu/ml. Mean concentration of Luteinizing hormone 7.91 + 2.63 μiu/ml. The result of the vaginal cytology showed all of them to be at diestrus on day 1, with large rhomboidal cells beginning to lose their nucleus, vaginal nucleated cells and neutrophils. At this time the internal genitalia was visualized only up to the uterus on ultrasonography, the mean uterine luminal diameter was 5.5 + 0.70 mm. Three bitches (30%) were at early proestrus with neutrophils, parabasal cells and mucus while seven (70%) were at late proestrus cycle erythrocytes, superficial cells and absence of neutrophils on day 3. The internal genitalia up to the ovaries were visualized as being small anechoic (darkened) structures, and
luminal diameter was 7.5 + 0.50 mm. All the bitches were at estrus on day 5, with keratinized superficial cells which were anucleated with angular margins. The same anechoic structures (as at proestrus) were observed with but were larger due to some fluid accumulation. The mean uterine luminal diameter was 8.6 + 0.50 mm. At anestrus there was reduction in the size of the uterus (5.8 + 0 .4 mm). The ovaries were not visualized. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that there was good correlation between cytologic changes and ultrasonograhic changes that occur during the different phases of the reproductive cycle in Nigerian indigenous bitches
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SURGERY AND MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
CORRELATION OF THE CYTOLOGIC,, ULTRASONOGRAPHIC,, HORMONAL CHANGES,, AT VARIOUS STAGES,, OESTROUS CYCLE,, INDIGENOUS BITCHES.