SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PARTS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PARTS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2012-09
Authors
SULEIMAN, Abubakar
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Abstract
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a respiratory disease of cattle caused by
Mycoplasma mycoides subspecie mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC) type and
transmitted by infectious aerosol inhalation, is at present the most economically
important livestock disease in Africa due to its considerable effects on production and
rural economy. Nigeria suffers from CBPP directly through deaths of cattle, and
indirectly by exclusion from participation in international livestock products trade. Even
though past control efforts had reduced the incidence of CBPP in the country, the
disease is presently endemic with most outbreaks occurring in the Fulani pastoral herds
of the North where most of the cattle are located. CBPP control is particularly difficult
in Nigeria due to lack of epidemiological data for sustained control measures which are
currently estimated to cost 1.5 million US Dollars annually. This cross-sectional study
on 516 animals from 190 proportionately selected herds was designed to determine herd
and animal level seroprevalence of CBPP, identify risk factors for seroprevalence at
both levels and assess the awareness of cattle owners about the disease in Chukun,
Giwa, Igabi, Kaduna South, Sabon Gari and Zaria Local Government Areas of Northern
and Central parts of Kaduna state, Nigeria. A competitive enzyme linked
immunosorbent assay (cELISA) revealed that 58.4% of the herds had at least one
seropositive animal and 50 (45%) of the seropositive herds had 40-59% seropositive
cattle. Odds Ratio and 95% CI on the Odds Ratio analyses of the CBPP seroprevalence
showed that herd size, livestock contacts (animals brought into herds through gifts,
purchase, transfers, borrowing for service and brought back from markets when animals
were not reasonably priced), herd dynamics (mixing at grazing and watering points) and
reported CBPP outbreaks were positively correlated to seroprevalence. The odds for
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having a CBPP seropositive herd were found to be only 0.04 in vaccinated herds
relative to their unvaccinated counterparts. Similarly, prompted recall of CBPP clinical
signs and control measures based on an 8-point score revealed that the likelihoods of
having a seropositive herd significantly decreased with increasing level of awareness
about the disease by the corresponding herdsmen. CBPP vaccination efforts,
particularly in villages that reported outbreaks of the disease and those with
comparatively larger herd sizes in Kaduna state should be intensified as it offers a
protective advantage against the infection while correct and relevant animal health
enlightenment campaigns on topics of livestock diseases would likely reduce the spread
of CBPP in the state. It was also recommended that more grazing and watering facilities
should be made available to cattle herds especially in dry season when such points are
unlikely to be available and or accessible.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF
MASTERS DEGREE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE
MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY, CONTAGIOUS, BOVINE, PLEUROPNEUMONIA, NORTHERN, CENTRAL, PARTS, KADUNA, STATE, NIGERIA