SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PARTS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

No Thumbnail Available
Date
2012-09
Authors
SULEIMAN, Abubakar
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subspecie mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC) type and transmitted by infectious aerosol inhalation, is at present the most economically important livestock disease in Africa due to its considerable effects on production and rural economy. Nigeria suffers from CBPP directly through deaths of cattle, and indirectly by exclusion from participation in international livestock products trade. Even though past control efforts had reduced the incidence of CBPP in the country, the disease is presently endemic with most outbreaks occurring in the Fulani pastoral herds of the North where most of the cattle are located. CBPP control is particularly difficult in Nigeria due to lack of epidemiological data for sustained control measures which are currently estimated to cost 1.5 million US Dollars annually. This cross-sectional study on 516 animals from 190 proportionately selected herds was designed to determine herd and animal level seroprevalence of CBPP, identify risk factors for seroprevalence at both levels and assess the awareness of cattle owners about the disease in Chukun, Giwa, Igabi, Kaduna South, Sabon Gari and Zaria Local Government Areas of Northern and Central parts of Kaduna state, Nigeria. A competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) revealed that 58.4% of the herds had at least one seropositive animal and 50 (45%) of the seropositive herds had 40-59% seropositive cattle. Odds Ratio and 95% CI on the Odds Ratio analyses of the CBPP seroprevalence showed that herd size, livestock contacts (animals brought into herds through gifts, purchase, transfers, borrowing for service and brought back from markets when animals were not reasonably priced), herd dynamics (mixing at grazing and watering points) and reported CBPP outbreaks were positively correlated to seroprevalence. The odds for ix having a CBPP seropositive herd were found to be only 0.04 in vaccinated herds relative to their unvaccinated counterparts. Similarly, prompted recall of CBPP clinical signs and control measures based on an 8-point score revealed that the likelihoods of having a seropositive herd significantly decreased with increasing level of awareness about the disease by the corresponding herdsmen. CBPP vaccination efforts, particularly in villages that reported outbreaks of the disease and those with comparatively larger herd sizes in Kaduna state should be intensified as it offers a protective advantage against the infection while correct and relevant animal health enlightenment campaigns on topics of livestock diseases would likely reduce the spread of CBPP in the state. It was also recommended that more grazing and watering facilities should be made available to cattle herds especially in dry season when such points are unlikely to be available and or accessible.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS DEGREE IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY, CONTAGIOUS, BOVINE, PLEUROPNEUMONIA, NORTHERN, CENTRAL, PARTS, KADUNA, STATE, NIGERIA
Citation