DETECTION OF DERMATOPHYTES AND THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Buchholzia coriacea Engler (WONDERFUL KOLA) ON THE ISOLATES FROM GOATS IN GWAGWALADA, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA
DETECTION OF DERMATOPHYTES AND THE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Buchholzia coriacea Engler (WONDERFUL KOLA) ON THE ISOLATES FROM GOATS IN GWAGWALADA, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, NIGERIA
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Date
2017-04
Authors
MAIRABO, Rabi Rebecca
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Abstract
Dermatophytes are a group of closely related pathogenic fungi with the capacity to invade the keratinized tissues of humans and animals .This study was aimed at detecting dermatophytes from goats in Gwagwalada, Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T), and evaluating the antifungal activity of different extracts of Buchholzia coriacea ( wonderful kola ) on the isolates .One hundred and twenty four samples were aseptically collected from goats showing clinically suggestive lesions from August , 2015 to January , 2016 . Each sample was observed by microscopy before primary culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and secondary culture on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). Dermatophyte isolates were identified grossly using surface and reverse pigmentation, topography, texture and growth rate and microscopically using shape, size and arrangement of macro and micro conidia . The seeds of Buchholzia coriacea were extracted serially by cold maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, distilled water and methanol. The extracts were tested on each isolate using the broth macro dilution technique. Commercially available antifungal discs (Himedia©) containing Amphotericin B (100 units), Clotrimazole (10μg), Fluconazole (25μg), Itraconazole (10μg) Ketoconazole (10μg) and Nystatin (100 units) were used to assess the susceptibility profile of the isolates. Out of the 124 samples collected, 20 (16.13%) were positive for dermatophytes. Accordingly, Trichophyton spp had 13 (10.48%) isolates, Microsporum spp, 6 (4.84%) isolates and Epidermophyton spp, 1 (0.81%) isolate. Seven species of dermatophytes were identified with Trichophyton verrucosum having the highest number of isolates, 6 (4.84%).This was closely followed by Trichophyton tonsurans, 5 (4.03%). Microsporum audouinii accounted for 4(3.23%) while Microsporum gypseum had 2 (1.61%). Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichopyton ajelloi had 1 (0.81%) isolate each, respectively. The methanol extract of B.coriacea showed in vitro antifungal activity on all the isolates with MIC and MFC values ranging from 62.5 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml while the hexane and ethyl acetate extract showed in vitro antifungal activity on three and two isolates respectively. The aqueous extract did not exhibit any inhibitory activity on the isolates. The antifungal activity of the isolates were determined for the six antifungal drugs revealing that the isolates were most susceptible to Amphotericin B (70%),followed by nystatin (60%), ketoconazole(60%), itraconazole(55%),clotrimazole(30%),and finally fluconazole (15%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was resistant to all the antifungal agents used. All Microsporum species were resistant to fluconazole and all but one was resistant to clotrimazole. Epidermophyton floccossum was susceptible to all the agents except clotrimazole. Dermatophytosis is a health issue in goats in Gwagwalada and the methanol extract of B.coriacea has an antifungal effect on the dermatophytes isolated. There is need to practise good hygiene and carry out proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent and control the spread of dermatophytes to humans and other animals.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
DETECTION,, DERMATOPHYTES,, ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY,, Buchholzia coriacea Engler,, WONDERFUL KOLA,, ISOLATES,, GOATS,, GWAGWALADA,, FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY,, NIGERIA,