PERFORMANCE AND METHANE ESTIMATION IN YANKASA RAMS FED TOTAL MIXED RATION (TMR) CONTAINING TREATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE (Saccharum officinarum) SUPPLEMENTED WITH YEAST OR ENZYME
PERFORMANCE AND METHANE ESTIMATION IN YANKASA RAMS FED TOTAL MIXED RATION (TMR) CONTAINING TREATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE (Saccharum officinarum) SUPPLEMENTED WITH YEAST OR ENZYME
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Date
2021-04
Authors
MIJINYAWA, Mujtaba Abubakar
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Abstract
Two studies were conducted to evaluate the feeding value of urea treated sugarcane
bagasse with varying inclusion of yeast and enzyme in total mixed ration (TMR) on
performance of Yankasa rams. In the first study, twenty (20) growing Yankasa rams
were used, the rams were allotted to four (4) dietary treatment in a completely
randomised design.The feeding and metabolism trial lasted for 90 and 21 days
respectively. A commercial baker’s yeast was included at the rate of 5, 6 and 7g/kg
respectively and without yeast as control, the diets were offered at 3% body weight.
Data generated were analysed using general linear model procedure of statistical
analysis system (SAS) and significant differences were compared using Tukey test and
contrast analysis. The second study was conducted to investigate performance and
methane estimation in Yankasa rams fed diets with varying levels of enzyme in treated
sugarcane bagasse with or without yeast supplementation. Twenty-four (24) Yankasa
rams with mean live weight 18 ± 0.2 kg were used for the study. The rams were allotted
to treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design to
evaluate the effect of inclusion levels of enzyme (2, 4 and 6g/kg) in treated bagasse
with or without yeast at 5g inclusions levels. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days. Data
collected were analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS and
significant differences were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of
the first study showed that, the Crude protein (CP) content of experimental diet varied
between 13.0% and 13.75% while neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre
(ADF), and acid detergent lignin(ADL) ranged from 68.30% to 69.04%, 32.60% to
33.53%, and 11.28% to 33.52% respectively. The result of the feeding trial showed that
there was significant (P<0.05) difference in feed intake, final weight gains and average
daily gain. Rams fed TMR with 7g inclusion level of yeast had significantly (P<0.05)
higher weight gain, average daily gain and better feed conversion ratio. Results of
apparent nutrient digestibility showed that rams fed TMR with 7g inclusion level had
significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein (CPD), acid
detergent fibre (ADFD), neutral detergent fibre (NDFD) and acid detergent lignin
(ADLD) which were at par with rams fed TMR with 0g inclusion level. Results for
rumen indices infer that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in pH and TVFA,
rams fed 7g inclusion level of yeast had higher TVFA compared to rams in other
treatment group. Blood glucose was also significantly (P<0.05) different. Total protein,
blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were similar (P>0.05) between the treatment groups.
Methane production varies significantly (P<0.05) based on the model tested. Results of
the second study indicated that Crude protein (CP) of the total mixed ration (TMR)
ranged from 13.75% to 14.585%. while Neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent
fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) ranged from 65.95% to 68.32%, 32.82%
to 34.81% and 11.34% to 12.21%, respectively. There was significant (P<0.05)
difference in feed intake, weight gain and average daily gain (ADG). Rams fed TMR
with yeast had 15% higher values of ADG and 11% lower (better) FCR compared to
rams fed TMR with no yeast. Inclusion levels of enzyme had no effect (P>0.05) on
performance. Nutrient digestibility coefficient differed significantly (P<0.05) across all
parameters measured. Rams fed TMR with yeast and 2g inclusion level of enzyme had
higher organic matter digestibility (OMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), neutral
detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fibre digestibility (ADFD) and acid
detergent lignin digestibility (ADLD) which were similar with those rams fed TMR
with no yeast and 2g/kg inclusion levels of enzyme. Nitrogen balance followed similar
trend with nutrient digestibility coefficient. pH, NH3-N, and TVFA differed
significantly. Total protein and blood glucose differs significantly (P<0.05) with
increasing level of enzyme in TMR while creatinine decreased with increase in
inclusion level of enzyme. Methane production was statistically similar (P>0.05) but
rams fed TMR with yeast and 2g/kg inclusion level of enzyme had the least quantity
across all the models tested. TMR containing yeast and enzyme had effect on growth
performance, which aid in adequate fibre digestion and other nutrient digestibility
coefficient, increased TVFA with minimal methane production. Therefore, it was
concluded thatyeast inclusion at 7g/kg improved the growth performance by 34%,
better nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retentionand also addition of enzyme
(Fullzyme®) at 2g inclusion level supplemented with yeast at 5g/kg inclusion level in
bagasse based TMR can be used to enhance performance of Yankasa rams without
adverse effect. Finally, it was recommended that yeast should be included in TMR
containing urea treated sugarcane bagasse at 7g/kg for improve growth performance.
Moreover, enzyme should be included in TMR at 2g/kg inclusion level.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ANIMAL SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE,
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE,
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
PERFORMANCE AND METHANE ESTIMATION,, YANKASA RAMS FED,, TOTAL MIXED RATION,, CONTAINING TREATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE,, SUPPLEMENTED WITH YEAST OR ENZYME