VARIABILITY IN GENOTYPIC RESPONSE TO END-OF-SEASON DROUGHT IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea. L.)
VARIABILITY IN GENOTYPIC RESPONSE TO END-OF-SEASON DROUGHT IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea. L.)
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Date
1998-03
Authors
ADAMU, USMAN IZGE
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Abstract
Field and screenhouse experiments were conducted during
the cropping seasons of 1995 and 1996 at the Institute for
Agricultural Research (IAR) Samaru, Zaria (11°11'N, 70°38'E).
The treatments consisted of 16 groundnut genotypes : JL-24,
55-437. 48-115B, RRB, ICG 221, ICG 4601, ICG 4790, ICGV 86745,
ICGV 86708, ICGV 86702. ICG 4747, ICGV-SM 85045, ICGV 88023,
ICGV 86124. ICGV 90127 and FLEUR 11. The field experiments
were laid out in a randomized complete block design with 3
replications. There were 2 planting dates in the field
experiments; normal planting (May to October) and late
planting (August to December). The aim of late planting was
to expose the groundnut genotypes to end-of-season drought.
In the screen house, treatments were laid out in a completely
randomized design with two replications. Plants were grown
under adequate moisture and controlled moisture from 50%
flowering. This was done to investigate the response of the
different genotypes to end-of-season drought. Results
indicated significant differences (P > 0.05) among the
parameters measured in control and end-of-season drought
experiments. Yield parameters among the genotypes were
significantly different (P > 0 .05 ) , except for oil and protein
content. Reduction of up to 39, 33 and 28% in pod yield,
haulm yield and number of pods per plant, respectively were
recorded as a result of end-of-season drought. Genotypes ICG
4747, ICGV 86745, ICGV 86124, FLEUR 11 and ICGV-SM 85045
recorded the highest pod yield under drought condition in the
field. Results from the screen house did not follow similar
trend to that of the field. Genotypes responded differently
to end-of-season drought, probably, as a result of variations
in water use ratio (due to variation in the shoot dry matter
recorded) or as a result of early maturity in some genotypes.
However, large variations in response of genotypes to end-ofseason
drought could be due to the ability of genotypes to
withstand drought as a result of physiological, morphological
and anatomical adaptations and or early maturity. High yield
obtained by most genotypes could be as a result of their yield
potential. In breeding groundnut for end-of-season drought, a
balance must be struck between yield potential, adaptations,
duration or earliness of the crop.
Description
A thesis submitted to the Postgraduate School
Ahmadu Bello University, in partial fulfillment
of the Requirements for the degree of Masters of
Science in Genetics and Crop Breeding
Department of Plant Science,
Faculty of Agriculture,
Ahmadu Bello University
Zaria, Nigeria.
March, 1998
Keywords
VARIABILITY,, GENOTYPIC,, RESPONSE,, END-OF-SEASON,, DROUGHT,, GROUNDNUT,, (Arachis hypogaea. L.).