ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSTRAINTS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN FIRST CYCLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN GHANA
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONSTRAINTS TO TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN FIRST CYCLE PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN GHANA
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Date
2012-12
Authors
DOMFEH, CHARLES
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain information regarding the constraints to
teaching and learning of Physical Education in first cycle public schools in Ghana. The
population for the study was made up of head teachers of first cycle schools, classroom
teachers of first cycle schools and physical education tutors in Colleges of Education in
Ghana. A questionnaire with 40 items was developed by the researcher. It has the
reliability coefficient of 0.71 (Cronbach) 0.75 (Spearman-Brown) and 0.73 (Guttman
Split-Half). One major hypothesis and eight sub-hypotheses were formulated to test if
the variables selected for the study were significant constraints to teaching and learning
of Physical Education in First Cycle Public Schools in Ghana One sample t-test was
used for analysing the data .All the hypotheses were tested at the alpha level of 0.05.
The results of the study revealed that all the variables tested were significant constraint
to teaching and learning of physical education in first cycle schools in Ghana.
.(t=34.594, df =1314, p<0.05) They included, Attitude of heads and classroom teachers
towards the subject,(t=1.96,df=1314, p<0.05) the lack of trained physical education
personnel in the first cycle schools to teach the subject,(t=27.375,df=1314,p<0.05) the
nature of Physical Education programme in the colleges of education in
Ghana,(t=19.321,df=1314,p<0.05) the lack of facilities to conduct Physical Education
classes,(t=72.322,df=1314,p<0.05) the lack of equipment needed to teach physical
education in the basic schools in Ghana,(t=35.153,df=1314, p=0.05) the non-externally
examined nature of Physical Education in the basic schools in
Ghana,(t=40.289,df=1314 p<0.05) the large class sizes that the first cycle public schools
in Ghana possess.(t=5.567,df=1314 p<0.05) and the funding (budgetary allocation) to
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First cycle Public Basic Schools in Ghana.(t=20.278,df=1314, p<0.05) In view of the
findings, it was recommended among other things that every student-teacher in the
colleges of education in Ghana should offer Physical Education as a core subject for the
first two years of their studies since eventually they would end up as classroom teachers
and would be required to teach Physical Education. Also the Physical Education bias
programme should be reintroduced in some selected Colleges of Education in Ghana so
as to train more specialists teachers for the basic schools. Furthermore, the Ghana
Education Service (GES) will do well to revive all its sports shops in the regions and
districts so that sports equipment can be bought by the schools and the money deducted
from their capitation grant. It is again recommended that apart from Physical Education
being a core subject in the basic schools, it must also be made an elective subject so that
it can be externally examinable in the first cycle schools in Ghana.
Description
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POST GRADUATE
STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA IN PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR
OF PHILOSOPHY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION,
FACULTY OF EDUCATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, NIGERIA
DECEMBER 2012.
Keywords
ASSESSMENT,, CONSTRAINTS,, TEACHING,, LEARNING,, PHYSICAL EDUCATION,, FIRST CYCLE,, PUBLIC SCHOOLS,, GHANA.