EFFECTS OF FADAMA III AND SONGHAI PROJECTS ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
EFFECTS OF FADAMA III AND SONGHAI PROJECTS ON AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
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Date
2018-11
Authors
OJIKPONG, Christopher Eyo
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Abstract
The study essentially evaluates the effects of the Cross River Fadama III and Songhai projects on output and poverty reduction in Cross River State. The thesis specifically analyses the various agricultural innovations introduced by the projects, the extent of adoptions, the impact of adoptions of those innovations on agricultural output, income and profitability, income diversification and poverty reduction among the participants. To achieve these objectives, the study employed counterfactual (Beneficiaries and Non-Beneficiaries) approach, and the data generation process was through survey research method and carefully designed structured questionnaires to collect cross sectional data from Fadama III and Songhai project participants as well as non-projects participants within the project areas in Cross River State. The tools of analysis used in this study included; descriptive statistics, Probit model, Cobb-Douglas production function, the Gross Margin, Double Difference analysis, Diversification Index and, the Foster and Greer Thorbeck (FGT) Index as well as the Multi-Poverty Index (MPI). Study found that major innovations introduced by the two programmes included; capacity building support, advisory services, productive inputs support, and, small-scale community-owned infrastructure for Fadama III beneficiaries and capacity enhancement through training on various agricultural innovations for the Cross River Songhai beneficiaries. The study found that socio-economic background of the beneficiaries such as education, marital status, farming experience, income level are more likely to influence the level of adoption at the 5% level of probability. The study found an average production efficiency of 1.672 and 1.453 for Fadama III beneficiaries and non beneficiaries, and, 1.883 and 0.703 for Songhai beneficiaries and non beneficiaries respectively indicating production efficiency advantage in favour of projects‟ beneficiaries. In comparison with non-project participants, average farm income profit margin was N23, 329.44 in favour of Fadama III participants, while Songhai project participants recorded average profit margin advantage of N47, 937.37 over the non project participants, after project implementation. Double Difference Analysis revealed average income difference between participants and non-participants of N-10,821.5 before project and N-88,270.89 after project and, average difference before project of N10, 185.24 and N8, 415.48 after project, in favour of Fadama III and Songhai participants respectively. The average percentage difference by time (before and after project) for Fadama III participants was 65.74% and 7.59% for non-participants, while Songhai project participants recorded 25.38% and 4.68% for non-participants. Diversification index analysis revealed average income difference between Fadama III participants and non-participants of N3, 921.56 and N39, 925.27 before and after project participation respectively, , and,N 0000.00 and N44, 303.03 before and after project for Songhai project participants and non-participants respectively, in favour of participants for the five categories. The poverty analysis shows a group difference of 1.3% and -50.0% , 0.06% and -0.46%, and, 0.07% and 0.33% for the HCI, PGI and SPGI before and after project between Fadama III participants and non-participants respectively. For Songhai project, the group difference was 6.0% and 20.0%, 0.04% and -0, 01%, 0.04% and -0.01% between Songhai participants and non-participants, before and after project respectively. Study found that participants had comparative significant advantage over non participants after project application. Study also found a more significant impact on poverty among the Fadama III participants than the Songhai project participants, which may be due to the productive input support to Fadama III participants, leading to the conclusion that the Fadama III partnership collaboration may be more beneficial to the farmer than the Songhai type of collaboration. Consequently, study recommends among others, necessary strengthening and continued application of the Fadama III programme and a review of the Songhai programme framework in order to strengthen the project‟s post training funding/productive input support to participants.
Description
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF THE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY,
ZARIA, NIGERIA
Keywords
EFFECTS,, FADAMA III,, SONGHAI PROJECTS,, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT,, POVERTY REDUCTION,, CROSS RIVER STATE,, NIGERIA