STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN NIGERIA

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Date
1987
Authors
ADEDIPE, ABEGUNDE,
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in Nigeria. Lossess resulting from outbreaks of the disease could not be estimated and no meaningful control measure could be embarked upon because information required for the formulation of FMD control policy is not adequate. This has been due to poor disease reporting and the nature of animal husbandry practices among the fulani pastoralis who control majority of Nigerian cattle. This study examined historical documents and data relating to FMD in Nigeria since 1925 and conducted interviews with State and Federal Government Organs of disease control as a means of establishing what is so far known about the disease. This investigation established an apparent 0.012% incidencef 0.05% prevalence and 0.3% mortality rates and that Type A, SAT1 and SAT2 viruses are still active in the field. Serological survey was conducted using virus infection antigen (VIA) and 146S whole virion antigen in indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to FMD and thus establish the true incidence and prevalence of the disease in the field. Overall incidence of the disease among sampled population was 9.8% while prevalence was 55%. Incidence and prevalence varied widely from State to State. Recent isolates of the virus from Nigeria (Type SAT1: Nig. 4/81, Nig. 5/81, Nig. 10/81, Nig. 11/81 and Nig. 13/81) (Type SAT2 (Nig. 6/81, Nig. 8/81 and Nig. 2/82), were compared serologically with one other and with standard vaccine strains for each type, to establish their relatedness and the ability of the vaccine strains to protect against infection caused by recent Nigerian strains. All Type SAT1 isolates of 1981 are closely related and could be regarded as belonging to the same subtype. The 1981 and 1982 Type SAT2 isolates studied were also closely related. Strain Nig. 2/82, the most recent type SATisolate was more closely related to Nig. 6/81 than Nig. 8/81. Cross neutralisation test in vitro showed that the standard vaccine strains could provide a measure of protection against infection caused by Nigerian strains with which they were compared.
Description
A Dissertation submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Veterinary Microbiology. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. 1987.
Keywords
EPIDEMIOLOGY,, FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE,, NIGERIA
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