STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN NIGERIA
STUDIES ON THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE IN NIGERIA
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Date
1987
Authors
ADEDIPE, ABEGUNDE,
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in
Nigeria. Lossess resulting from outbreaks of the
disease could not be estimated and no meaningful
control measure could be embarked upon because
information required for the formulation of FMD
control policy is not adequate. This has been due
to poor disease reporting and the nature of animal
husbandry practices among the fulani pastoralis who
control majority of Nigerian cattle.
This study examined historical documents and
data relating to FMD in Nigeria since 1925 and
conducted interviews with State and Federal Government
Organs of disease control as a means of establishing
what is so far known about the disease. This
investigation established an apparent 0.012% incidencef
0.05% prevalence and 0.3% mortality rates and that
Type A, SAT1 and SAT2 viruses are still active in
the field.
Serological survey was conducted using virus
infection antigen (VIA) and 146S whole virion antigen
in indirect ELISA to detect antibodies to FMD and
thus establish the true incidence and prevalence of
the disease in the field. Overall incidence of the
disease among sampled population was 9.8% while
prevalence was 55%. Incidence and prevalence
varied widely from State to State.
Recent isolates of the virus from Nigeria
(Type SAT1: Nig. 4/81, Nig. 5/81, Nig. 10/81,
Nig. 11/81 and Nig. 13/81) (Type SAT2 (Nig. 6/81,
Nig. 8/81 and Nig. 2/82), were compared serologically
with one other and with standard vaccine strains for
each type, to establish their relatedness and the
ability of the vaccine strains to protect against
infection caused by recent Nigerian strains.
All Type SAT1 isolates of 1981 are closely
related and could be regarded as belonging to the
same subtype. The 1981 and 1982 Type SAT2 isolates
studied were also closely related.
Strain Nig. 2/82, the most recent type SATisolate
was more closely related to Nig. 6/81 than
Nig. 8/81. Cross neutralisation test in vitro
showed that the standard vaccine strains could
provide a measure of protection against infection
caused by Nigerian strains with which they were
compared.
Description
A Dissertation submitted to the Postgraduate School,
Ahmadu Bello University, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Veterinary Microbiology.
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria.
1987.
Keywords
EPIDEMIOLOGY,, FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE,, NIGERIA