EFFECT OF GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON THE SURVIVAL AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF LABORATORY REARED MALES OF GLOSSINA PALPALIS PALPALIS R-D (DIPTERA, GLOSSINIDAE)

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Date
1984-01
Authors
TENABE, STEPHEN OLATUNJI
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Abstract
The feasibility of using Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), as an additional practical technique for the control and eradication of Glossina palpalis palpalis in Nigeria was studied. Since the success of SIT for tsetse control depends on rearing and sterilizing of the target tsetse species, these parameters were examined for G.p. palpalis under laboratory conditions. The origin, maintenance procedures and performance of a colony of G.p. palpalis fed on guinea pigs, at Vom, were assessed in relation to the requirements of SIT programme, A mechanical calibration device was used to classify the colony puparia into five weight classes (A to E). The effects of various irradiation doses from cesium 137 in nitrogen and air on survival and fecundity of G.p. palpalis were compared. Mating, insemination abilities and competitiveness of males irradiated in air were compared to fertile non-irradiated males. The fecundity of the G.p. palpalis colony varied between 2.0 -2.7 puparia per producing female per month. Class A, had the least mean weight of 20 mg while weight class E was the heaviest with a mean of 38 mg. The higher the weight class of males the higher their survival rate and inseminating ability, irrespective of their fertility0 With doses from 3 to 21 Krad treatment in nitrogen, survival and fertility showed a dose-dependent reduction with increasing dose. Sterility levels of 96.6% and 98.4% were obtained when male G.p. palpalis. were subjected to 15 Krad dose in nitrogen atmosphere and 12 Krad in air respectively. These treatment doses did not adversely affect survival and mating behaviour of the treated males. All males subjected tc either 21 Krad in nitrogen or 15 Krad in air were sterilized* Females of G.p. palpalls appeared to be more sensitive to gamma-irradiation than males. A dose of 6 Krad in nitrogen atmosphere 'resulted in 100% sterility and arrest of further development of the ovaries after the ovulation of follicles A1 and C1 in males, this dose caused 70o3% sterility. Sterile or untreated fertile males older than 5 days were able to inseminate at least 95% of mated females. Copulatory act which was less than 30 minutes in duration did not result in insemination; but copulation longer than 40 minutes showed 100% insemination rate. Sterile males remained in copula for longer period and were more aggressive at mating. In females mated by both fertile and sterile males, sperm mixing occurred and the sterile sperm was found to be competitive with the fertile sperm. No fly emerged from irradiated puparia younger than 15 days. Irradiation of 15 or 20 day old puparia rendered the insect either dead before or shortly after eclosion. Whereas normal pattern of emergence, survival and reproduction were observed from irradiated puparia that were 25 days old or older. From the data obtained in this study, it is concluded that irradiated males could satisfy the mating requirements of females of G.p. palpalls. Therefore the SIT method may be appropriate to complement the existing chemical and other control measures currently in use against tsetse flies in Nigeria.
Description
A Dissertation submitted to the Postgraduate School, Ahmadu Bello University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Keywords
EFFECT,, GAMMA-IRRADIATION,, SURVIVAL,, REPRODUCTIVE,, BIOLOGY,, LABORATORY,, REARED,, MALES,, GLOSSINA PALPALIS PALPALIS,, DIPTERA, GLOSSINIDAE
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